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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
The CCR5 and CXCR4 Coreceptors—Central to Understanding the Transmission and Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
To cite this article:
John P. Moore, Scott G. Kitchen, Pavel Pugach, Jerome A. Zack.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.
January 2004,
20(1): 111-126.
doi:10.1089/088922204322749567.
John P. Moore Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York Scott G. Kitchen Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California Pavel Pugach Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York Jerome A. Zack Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California In this review, we will discuss what is known, what is suspected, and what still remains obscure about the central role played by coreceptor expression and usage in the transmission and pathogenic consequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. An emphasis will be on the HIV-1 phenotypic variants that are defined by their usage of the CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, and how the different cellular tropism of these variants influences how and where HIV-1 replicates in vivo. We will also review what might happen when coreceptor antagonists are used clinically to treat HIV-1 infection.  This paper was cited by:High frequency of X4/DM-tropic viruses in PBMC samples from patients with primary HIV-1 subtype-B infection in 1996-2007: the French ANRS CO06 PRIMO Cohort Study P. Frange, J. Galimand, C. Goujard, C. Deveau, J. Ghosn, C. Rouzioux, L. Meyer, M.-L. Chaix Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 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