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Human Gene Therapy
Photochemical Transfection: A New Technology for Light-Induced, Site-Directed Gene Delivery

To cite this article:
Anders Høgset, Lina Prasmickaite, Torunn E. Tjelle, Kristian Berg. Human Gene Therapy. April 2000, 11(6): 869-880. doi:10.1089/10430340050015482.

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Anders Høgset
Department of Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
Lina Prasmickaite
Department of Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Vilnius, Ciurlionio 21, 2009 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Torunn E. Tjelle
Department of Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
Kristian Berg
Department of Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.

The development of methods for specific delivery of therapeutic genes into target tissues is an important issue for the further progress of in vivo gene therapy. In this article we report on a novel technology, named photochemical transfection, to use light to direct a precise delivery of therapeutic genes to a desired location. The technology makes use of photosensitizing compounds that localize mainly in the membranes of endosomes and lysosomes. On illumination these membrane structures will be destroyed, releasing endocytosed DNA into the cell cytosol. Using a green fluorescent protein gene as a model we show that illumination of photosensitizer-treated cells induces a substantial increase in the efficiency of transfection by DNA–poly-L-lysine complexes. Thus, in a human melanoma cell line the light treatment can increase the transfection efficiency more than 20-fold, reaching transfection levels of about 50% of the surviving cells. In this article various parameters of importance for the use of this technology are examined, and the potential use of the technology in gene therapy is discussed.

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