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Omega-3 fatty acids from marine and plant sources provide a wide range of benefits in several human health conditions. In vivo studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids influence the course of several human diseases, including those that involve abnormal immune function, mental disorders, and genetic abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Omega-3 fatty acids are taken up by virtually all body cells and affect membrane composition, eicosanoid biosynthesis, cell signaling cascades, and gene expression. These fatty acids are especially important during human brain development; maternal deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to several neurological disorders. The review highlights recent findings on omega-3 fatty acids' influence on autoimmune diseases, mental health, and gene expression.