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Thyroid
Treating Iodine Deficiency: Long-Term Effects of Iodine Repletion on Growth and Pubertal Development in School-Age Children
To cite this article:
Kostas B. Markou, Athanasios Tsekouras, Eleni Anastasiou, Barbara Vlassopoulou, Eftychia Koukkou, George A. Vagenakis, Panagiotis Mylonas, Charalampos Vasilopoulos, Anastasia Theodoropoulou, Loredana Rottstein, Evgenia Lampropoulou, Dimitris Apostolopoulos, Rauf Jabarov, Apostolos G. Vagenakis, Neoklis A. Georgopoulos.
Thyroid.
April 2008,
18(4): 449-454.
doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0277.
Kostas B. Markou Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Athanasios Tsekouras Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Eleni Anastasiou Hellenic Endocrine Society, Athens, Greece. Barbara Vlassopoulou Hellenic Endocrine Society, Athens, Greece. Eftychia Koukkou Hellenic Endocrine Society, Athens, Greece. George A. Vagenakis Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Panagiotis Mylonas Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Charalampos Vasilopoulos Hellenic Endocrine Society, Athens, Greece. Anastasia Theodoropoulou Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Loredana Rottstein Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Evgenia Lampropoulou Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Dimitris Apostolopoulos Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Rauf Jabarov Endocrinological Dispensary of Baku, Baku, Azerbaijan. Apostolos G. Vagenakis Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Neoklis A. Georgopoulos Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. Background: Iodine deficiency (ID) is still a major universal health problem. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) affect people of all ages, among whom the most vulnerable are children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects on growth and pubertal development of correcting severe ID in areas of Azerbaijan between 1999 and 2000. Methods: Iodized oil was administered orally to 293,000 children, aged 6–16 years. Among those, 364 children were randomly selected and were examined 1 year before the administration of iodized oil (Group I-neg, iodine negative) and 295 children (Group I-Rx, iodine treated) were examined 4 years (Group I-Rx4, iodine treated 4 years later; n = 173) or 5 years (Group I-Rx5, iodine treated 5 years later; n = 122) after the last dose of iodide. Results: In Group I-neg the median urine iodine concentration (UIC) (mcg/L) was 36 (mean: 36.272 ± 11.036) and increased significantly (p < 0.001) in Group I-Rx4: 188 (mean: 230.969 ± 155.818) and in Group I-Rx5: 175 (mean: 201.176 ± 130.369). The prevalence of goiter was 99% in Group I-neg and 2% in Group I-Rx4. Children in Group I-Rx had a greater standard deviation score (SDS) for height (−0.1364 ± 1.279, n = 294) than children in Group I-neg (−0.5019 ± 1.17, n = 363) (p < 0.001, t = −3.817), which was more significant for boys. SDS for weight was similar in both groups (Group I-neg: −0.17 ± 0.78, n = 363; Group I-Rx: −0.115 ± 0.917, n = 294). The rate of puberty development as judged by the development of breast and pubic hair was normalized in both sexes after the correction of ID. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that long-term correction of severe ID leads to sustained improvement of linear growth accompanied by a normalization of the time of onset of pubertal development for both sexes.  |
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